Sunday, December 29, 2019

University of Michigan Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Michigan is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 24%. The university offers over 260 degrees within 14 undergraduate schools and colleges. Due to its many strengths, the University of Michigan ranks among the countrys  top engineering schools  and  top undergraduate business schools. Considering applying to this highly selective school? Here are the University of Michigan statistics you should know. Why University of Michigan? Location: Ann Arbor, MichiganCampus Features: Located in one of the best college towns in the nation, University of Michigans attractive 781-acre campus is home to over 500 buildings and the Matthaei Botanical Gardens.Student/Faculty Ratio: 15:1Athletics: The Michigan Wolverines compete in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference.Highlights: The University of Michigan consistently ranks among the top public universities in the country with notable strengths in fields ranging from art to engineering. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Michigan had an acceptance rate of 24%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 24 students were admitted, making Michigans admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 65,684 Percent Admitted 24% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 43% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of Michigan requires that applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 63% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 660 730 Math 670 780 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Michigans admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to University of Michigan scored between 660 and 730, while 25% scored below 660 and 25% scored above 730. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 670 and 780, while 25% scored below 670 and 25% scored above 780. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1510 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of Michigan. Requirements University of Michigan does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Michigan does not superscore SAT results, your highest composite SAT score will be considered. SAT Subject tests are not required by University of Michigan unless you are a home-schooled applicant. Note that some schools and colleges at University of Michigan have additional requirements, so make sure to review additional requirements for your application. ACT Scores and Requirements Michigan requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 54% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 31 35 Math 28 34 Composite 30 34 This admissions data tells us that most of University of Michigans admitted students fall within the top 7% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Michigan received a composite ACT score between 30 and 34, while 25% scored above 34 and 25% scored below 30. Requirements University of Michigan does not require the ACT writing section. Note that Michigan does not superscore ACT results, your highest composite ACT score will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA for incoming University of Michigan freshman was 3.86. All admitted students had GPAs between 3.0 and 4.0, and over 80% of admitted freshman had average high school GPAs above 3.75. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Michigan have primarily A and B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Michigan Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex.   The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of Michigan. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of Michigan has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Michigan has a  holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A  strong application essay  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. High grades in Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, and Honors classes can play an important role in the admissions process, for these classes provide a good measure of college readiness. Youll also want to put thought into the University of Michigan supplemental essays. These essays include a question about your specific reasons for being interested in the college or school to which you are applying within the University of Michigan. Make sure your response is well researched and specific as this will provide an opportunity to demonstrate your interest in a meaningful way. Students applying to the Ross School of Business, Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Penny W. Stamps School of Art Design, or the School of Music, Theatre Dance will have additional application requirements. With less than a fourth of applicants being admitted, the University of Michigan is one of the countrys most selective public universities. In the graph above, green and blue represent accepted students. As you can see, the majority of accepted students had a GPA of A- or higher, an SAT score (ERWM) above 1200, and an ACT composite score of 25 or higher. Your chance of getting accepted goes up significantly as those numbers go up. The greatest density of data points in the graph is for students who got a 1350 or higher on the SAT and and 29 or better on the ACT. Realize, however, that high test scores and an A average dont guarantee an acceptance letter. Hidden beneath the blue and green on the graph is a lot of red — some students with excellent numerical measures still get rejected from the University of Michigan. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Michigan Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Use Of Performance Enhancing Drugs - 1338 Words

Matthew De Cesare May 19th, 2014 Research Paper Final Draft The Use of Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports According to NPR.com, the argument over the use of performance-enhancing drugs by professional athletes has been at the center of an international ethical debate for many years (Katz). Many people argue that these drugs should be allowed, while others argue that these drugs should be banned from professional sports. Professional sports athletes should avoid the use of performance-enhancing drugs so that the integrity of sports will not be damaged. According to SportingLife360.com, many laws in sports prevent athletes from using performance-enhancing drugs in a way that will give them an advantage over their competitors (Stein). Also, many professional athletes must be tested so that the sports organizations can tell if they are cheating by using these performance-enhancing drugs (Katz). These athletes that get caught for cheating in professional sports are usually suspended from their sport for a certain amount of games or they cou ld be given a warning for this offense (Stein). In fact, the definition of performance-enhancing drugs is any substance taken in order to become athletically better in sports (Stein). To conclude, many people wonder how these athletes are not getting caught for using performance-enhancing drugs when there are so many laws that prevent athletes from cheating in professional sports (Katz). First, athletes who takeShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Performance Enhancing Drugs Popularly Known As Doping1805 Words   |  8 Pagesissue in sport particularly athletics is the use of performance enhancing drugs popularly known as doping. Spectacular doping cases have risen in the sporting arena that has caused unexpected situations and annoyed the public who are the fans. People have limited knowledge regarding doping though it is an ancient time issue. As a result, some people believe that all professional athletes have always been doped to achieve the standards of good performance and even com pete and win in most of the greatRead MoreUse Of Performance Enhancing Drugs2114 Words   |  9 Pages The use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) has been exposed for a while in the world of professional sports. Media and sports fans, myself included, look unfavorably on the use of PEDs by professional athletes, the reasons why it’s viewed as unfavorable can be attributed to the theory of symbolic interactionism. Even though there is a large stigma against the use of PEDs the testing process has largely remained inefficient and not reliable. Performance enhancing drugs should have a more rigorousRead MoreAthletes Should Use Performance Enhancing Drugs941 Words   |  4 PagesDue to the amount of people using performance enhancing drugs in pro sports today, most people when they hear â€Å"Steroids† they think of huge men or women with big bulging muscles. Steroids have been used throughout sports in every way in almost every sport. I think that the professional at hletes that use performance enhancing drugs should be able to use them since they are getting paid a substantial amount of money to play a sport. Therefore I think that the use of steroids shouldn’t be used by regularRead More The Use of Steroids and Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1507 Words   |  7 Pagesto write my paper on the topic of steroids and performance enhancing substances that are used today in sports. In this paper I hope to focus on the steroids and performance enhancing drugs and how they have become a problem in sports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An anabolic steroid is a substance that is related to male sex hormones, known as testosterone. The word â€Å"Anabolic† means muscle building. The word â€Å"steroids† is just referred to as a drug name or a class of drug. Some athletes have made the decision that theyRead MoreEssay about The Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs1425 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican footballer. This is just one of many athletes who have took performance enhancing drugs in the past and have lived to regret it. Never before has there been so much help for athletes. Today technology, coaches and equipment has never been better. However, cheating within sport has never been such a problem before. Almost one tenth of all athletes have admitted to taking at least one form of performance enhancing drugs. As a result anti doping agencies are spending a considerable amountRead MoreThe Use Of Performance Enhancing Drugs Within Sports1966 Words   |  8 Pages Legalization of Performance Enhancing Drugs within Sports Do you want to want to become the peak athlete that you know your body is capable of? Well, this paper will not do that for you, but it will tell you how, and it will tell you why it should be legal to do so. Doping in sports is one of the most extensive debates within the realm of athletics. Whether it be injecting anabolic steroids, consuming them, or blood doping, athletes will do drugs. Doping has no effect on the viewershipRead MoreAnabolic Steroids : Use And Performance Enhancing Drugs1516 Words   |  7 PagesSteroids The use of performance enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids has been a debatable topic in the United States as early as the 1950’s. Former U. S. Representative Howard Berman expresses that â€Å"Steroids can seem necessary to compete at the highest level, and the quick rewards may seem to outweigh the long term consequences to users.† The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) states that countless athletes, both young and old, face life threatening illnesses due to the use of performance-enhancingRead MoreThe Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Today1583 Words   |  6 Pages Performance enhancers are very prominent in professional sports today. A lot of players are facing suspensions and other penalties for using them. The sport that gets scrutinized the most for this is Baseball. Many former users in the MLB (or formally the NABBP) have come out saying that they were using these drugs while playing. Some of these players are Jorge Sosa, Antonio Bastardo , and the famous Alex Rodriguez. Although these drugs have been prohibited, players are still finding ways aroundRead More The Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Is the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports dangerous? To what degree do these drugs really enhance strength, size, training ability, and muscular performance? Not only are the answers to these questions still unclear, they are the subjects of deep controversy. In order to understand why we are confronted with the problem of performance-enhancing drug use in athletics today, we must look at the history of the development of anabolicRead MoreUse Of Performance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1961 Words   |  8 PagesThe controversial question is whether the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PED) in sports should be banned or not. Professional sports are popular in most countries. Major franchises are dealing with the issue of PED being used by the athletes who are paid to perform in the sport on the belief that they are naturally a raw talent. This controversial essay will side with the banning of PED use in any type of sport activity, whether it is at professional or amateur level. Both sides of this issue

Friday, December 13, 2019

My Time in the Rainforest Free Essays

Today was very productive day. I saw many things that I have never seen before in the Amazon rainforest. It is located in South America and is hugely populated with many different species. We will write a custom essay sample on My Time in the Rainforest or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is vast, covering an area of 2,5 million square miles, and we haven’t even got one eight yet. Amazon river is one of the reasons the forest is so tremendously populated. It flows for more than 4,000 miles to discharge its waters in the Atlantic Ocean near Belem, Brazil. Along the way, about 1,100 tributaries latch on. One of the most seen birds was the Toucan. It was bigger then I thought it would be. Our guide told us that ten million species of plants, animals and insects live in the tropical forest. As it became dark, we stayed in the undergrowth of the forest where the tree could shade use from the hot sun we were expecting in the morning. The floor of the rain forest was sticky and wet from the rain that had fallen earlier this morning. It was hard to relax because of the weird weather. I could see a rainbow in the sky through the gaps between the canvas of leaves. As I got up, a spider monkey jumped down from the canopy and tried to grab the fruit we picked. We made a quick dash towards a giant tree trunk that had fallen. Thousands of small insects scattered as we approached it. We made a fireplace here to cook the raw meat we had brought. We fetched water from the Amazon river which was flowing near to camp and put in tablets to clean it. As we filled our bottles, piranhas swam towards our hands in the water. The Amazon river was a very dangerous place. –Day 2 24.09.10 We woke up at dawn when most of the animals would be sleeping. We saw an anaconda slither by. It was 21 feet long and I saw it choke a Giant Anteater. We were far away and the snake didn’t spot us. A pack of squirrel monkeys passed us and we carried on through. It was getting cooler and there were less animals wandering about. More deadly animals started to appear, such as the poison dart frog. Our guide told us it is very small in size, but poisonous enough as to kill up to 100 people. It has the most powerful poison known by man, but harmless if left alone. Amazon Indians hunt using its poison in the tip of their arrows. –Day 3 25.09.10 We were heading towards Manaus, the weather in tropical areas have equatorial climate, found approximately 5 degrees to the North and South of the equator. Like any other tropical rainforest, it’s hot and humid throughout the year, with an average annual temperature of 27à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C How to cite My Time in the Rainforest, Essays

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Cinematography Treatment Example free essay sample

The Might of Spite Plot Summary The movie is about a guy (Antagonist) and a girl (Protagonist) living together that get turns to do the laundry. The guy (Thando) is very lazy, watches TV the whole day and refuses to do the laundry even after the girl (Carrie), tries to force him physically. Carrie is miserable after that but then finds another way to get him of the couch. She tells him that his car is being stolen and when he gets outside, Carrie locks the door behind him. Thando sees his car isn’t being stolen. He then sees the washing basket outside and sees Carrie through the window enjoying the victory and waving the key mockingly. Genre When filmmakers and movie critics refer to a film genre, they generally mean a specific style, or subject matter. While a movie may have elements of a number of different genres, it is often classified under a single film genre for reference purposes. We will write a custom essay sample on Cinematography Treatment Example or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Film genres include Comedy, drama, romantic comedy, action/adventure, musical and experimental. *(http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-film-genre. htm, Michael Pollick). The Might of spite will classify in the comedy genre even though it is more of an everyday general situation. It is a very light hearted film with laidback comedic moments present, throughout the film. Binaries Primary event binary is Tactfulness VS Spitefulness, because Thando was being spiteful by just refusing to do the laundry after Carrie has been tactful. Carrie then outsmarts Thando giving him no choice but to do the laundry. The binary of the protagonist is Mind VS Body. Carrie thought it is a losing battle after she tried to force Thando physically to do the laundry. She then used brain power to manipulate Thando into going outside where the clothesline is and locks the door behind him. The antagonist’s binary is Selfishness VS Contribution, because Thando refuses to do his part of the housekeeping and only watches TV and making more of a mess in the house. He needs to stop being lazy and help Carrie by contributing in cleaning the house. Conceptual and Emotional Relevance The event problem in a story is when the character is put in a situation outside their normal environment. This is what happened to Carrie after Thando refuse to help her, because they obviously agreed to split some of the housekeeping duties. Conceptual Relevance is the event narrative structure in any story. It is the events in the narrative that will progress the story along. In all classic narrative the Conceptual relevance relates to a simple story line. *(Directing for film an introduction, p24, Brandon Oelofse, 2007). The conceptual relevance in this story is when Carrie tricks Thando into doing the laundry. At first she accepted defeat but noticed Thando’s car outside near the clothesline. She then came up with an idea and told him his car is being stolen and locked the door when he went out. This is relevant to the viewer because by outsmarting Thando she came out on top by approaching a problem with thought. Character problem within the narrative can be described with this question. Why does the character react the way they do with different events? We know that Claire is being ignored by Thando and that physically forcing him can’t work either. That is why she locked him out with the laundry until it is finished. Emotional Relevance is the heart of any story. It is the journey that the character will go through to achieve a sense of completion at the end of the narrative. (Directing for film an introduction, p22, Brandon Oelofse, 2007). The emotional relevance in this story is that Carrie gave up at first but got up and tried again. ETB The Establishment Problem Solution Priority Order We first see our antagonist Thando, a lazy guy drinking beer, sitting in front of the TV. We then meet our antagonist Carrie, a bright and hardworking girl, walking into the dirty living room, which she probably will have to clean, with a laundry basket in her hands. The First Explosion Carrie tells Thando that it is his turn to do the laundry and he looks at her ut returns his attention to the TV ignoring her. Problem Solving Vacuum Carrie gapes in disbelief because they always make turns. But she won’t give up yet. Problem-Solution Digits Thando still ignores her by just looking at the TV. New Problem Solution Priority Order Carrie shoves the washing basket in front of Thando, blocking his view of the TV. Second Explosion Thando ignores Carrie and just move into a different position to see the TV. Carrie blocks his view of the TV with the basket again, but Thando just reposition again. This happens again and again, until Thando stands up picks the basket up and put it on the floor out of his way and sits down. Carrie gives up and leaves with the basket. The Second Problem- Solution Vacuum and the Potential Problem-Solution Digits Carrie goes to the kitchen to think of a different way because by trying to spite Thando to do the laundry is clearly not going to work. But she gets an idea when she sees something outside. The Dramatic Climax Carrie quickly locks the door and laughing at Thando, shaking the keys of the door through the window. The Final Problem Solution Priority Order Carrie watches Thando from the kitchen wind while he is hanging up the laundry and she drinking a glass of wine. General Look and Feel of the Film Design and style are overlapping categories, and it is possible to have an effective design without a distinctive personal style. Style is primarily dependent on the needs of the story being told. * (Film directing fundamentals, Nicholas T. Proferes, p. 46, 2005). The general look and feel will be of an ordinary couple, in an ordinary house with an ordinary garden. The TV room will be a bit darker though with pale look and feel to it because it is the antagonist’s lair. The outside will have more of a bright contrast and colourful look to it, because the antagonist is out of his territory and that is where he will be defeated. The kitchen will have a more stable feel to it with some solid colours and shadows. Lighting Lighting shapes the realty in front of the lens, giving it depth or flatness, excitement or boredom, reality or artificiality. Light can fall on the scene in a variety of ways to create many different moods to help tell the story. (Kodak: the art of lighting-notes, 2003) To amplify this laidback light hearted comedy, soft lines and shadows will be used more. In a comedy high key-light is usually used to amplify the narrative. This is what I will be doing but also use mixed lighting at one location. The TV room will have a different light setting that is gloomier than the high contrast the kitchen and the garden will have. T his is because it is where the antagonist spends most of his time and there will be mixed light used that strategically falls on certain places. The sun coming through a window and or a lamp on a table will also be used as extras to get enough light on the subjects so that low key light won’t be made. With the face of the antagonist in a darker part of the room the flicker of the TV will slightly be seen by using a reflector board and moving it slightly on the subject’s face. Taken by GETY *(http://www. telegraph. co. uk/culture/tvandradio/5998253/One-in-six-Britons-too-lazy-to-get-up-to-change-TV-channel. html) The kitchen will be more brightly lit, also because this is where the protagonist spends most of her time and feel at home.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Improving Efficiency And Effectiveness Of A Business Essays

Improving Efficiency And Effectiveness Of A Business CONTENTS Section 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2. COMPANY PROFILE Section 2 3. SWOT ANALYSIS Issues to be taken under cosideration 4. THE PROBLEM(S) 5. OPTIONS ? INCREASING EFFECTIVENESS a)Addressinng Local Lecturers b)Establishing new Services 6. EVALUATION-RECOMMENDATIONS 7. SUMMARY 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES Introduction All successful businesses owe their existence to the recognition and existence of a market opportunity. It is essential therefore for organizations to continue identifying possible market opportunities in order to develop, expand and compete in the fierce business environment of our era. This entails constant information of the organization's position and the market environment in which it operates. Kotler (though Baker 1996) argues that a structured analysis should be undertaken based on the following questions: ? Diagnosis : where is the company now and why? ? Prognosis : where is the company headed? ? Objectives: where should the company be headed? ? Strategy : what is the best way to get there? ? Tactics : what specific actions should be undertaken, by whom and when ? Control : what measures should be watched to indicate whether the company is Succeeding? (Baker, 1996, Marketing, p.52) All companies need strategies to meet changing markets. Marketing plays an important role in strategic planning. It provides information and other inputs to help prepare the strategic plan. Strategic planning, according to Kotler, Armstrong, Sauders and Wong (1996) is also the first stage of marketing planning and defines marketing's role in the organization. ?The strategic plan guides marketing, which must work with other departments in the organization to achieve strategic objectives?. (Principles of Marketing, p.70). The above analysts focus on three steps/stages of strategic market planning :a) the strategic plan and its implications for marketing; b) the marketing process; and c) ways of putting the plan into action. Strategic planning, or finding out the strategic position of a company is essential towards the marketing plan. This will guide the formation of measurable corporate objectives. An audit then gathers information on the company, its competitors, its market and the general environment in which the firms operate. A SWOT analysis gives a summary of the strengths, and weaknesses of the company together with the opportunities and threats if faces. Next, decisions are made on what services/products are best for the company and how much support to give each one, and suggestions about the possibility of market segmentation and targets facing the organization are done. This paper attempts to apply the above for ?Global Training? in Athens in order to identify possible problems and aim to find certain solutions. 2.COMPANY'S PROFILE Intercollege Global Training Athens is a company offering educational services and specifically training in the field of ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, U.K.) The training program for students coming from a variety of industries leads them to take the world-wide examination for every course in Greece in coordination with the British Council and the British Chamber of Commerce. The company was officially established in the year 2000, however was operating through cooperation with Universities and companies in Greece since 1996. The central offices are located in Cyprus and branches, apart form Greece, exist in Bulgaria, Leetonia, Poland, Oman and Dubai. In 1996 the company began cooperation from Cyprus with leading Audit Firms such as Price Waterhouse Coopers, Deloitte and Touche, KPMG, and Ernst and Young, for in-house training focusing on individuals who wanted to receive the professional degree of ACCA. In 1998, Eurobank and ALPHA Bank joined the scheme and in 1999 an office was opened to offer the program to individuals who could join the groups at the locations of these companies and in order to form separate groups for the public needs. In a few words, recruitment was done based on a market plan and groups were formed for ?walk-ins? which were trained at various Universities, with lecturers who were specialized from the central office in Cyprus. The growth of numbers/enrolment forced the central office to form a branch in Athens and all training is done at the new company's premises for all courses leading to examinations of the ACCA scheme. At this point, over 120 students are enrolled for ACCA examination at Global Training Athens and the company's position calls for strategic market planning for its services. How could additional students enroll? Does the company's position imply expansion based on the growth of numbers? How was the

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Marshall Plan

Reaction paper Air Bill Signed by Truman as Replay to Foes of Liberty 1. Introduction Harold B. Hinton wrote the article especially to New York Times. The major point of that work is to show the America’s President Truman preference towards capitalistic ideology and to stop the spread of communism by putting a lot of money to the third world countries. I would like to show the significance of that work, major points and what were the predecessors of written events. My paper will consist of five chapters: introduction, main body, which will include the major points, investigation of what was happening at the time the document was written, will give some insights into the individuals and events mentioned in the document, showing the significance of the document. In the conclusion I will give the precise summary and opinion regarding this problem. The major points of that document President Truman signed the Foreign Assistance Act in 1948, which brings European Recovery Program to existence. It was developing ten month and finally from simple Marshal Plan it became huge legislative project, dealing with communist conformation. There were twelve witnesses who support Truman signature: Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, Secretary of the Interior Julius A. Krug, Secretary of the Treasury John W. Snyder, and Attorney General Jesse M. Donaldson, secretary of Agriculture Clinton P. Anderson; Under Secretary of the State Robert A. Lovett; Senator Tom Connally, Democrat, of Texas; Speaker Joseph W. Martin Jr., and representatives Charles A. Eaton and Sol Bloom. President used dozen pens to complete signatures and after all present pens to witnesses. Truman spent 6, 098, 000, 000 to provide economic assistance to the sixteen nations of Western Europe and Western Germany. Also, economic and military aid was provided to China, Greece and Turkey. Foreign development, Communist regime in Czechoslovakia and Communist electoral maneuvers making in... Free Essays on Marshall Plan Free Essays on Marshall Plan Reaction paper Air Bill Signed by Truman as Replay to Foes of Liberty 1. Introduction Harold B. Hinton wrote the article especially to New York Times. The major point of that work is to show the America’s President Truman preference towards capitalistic ideology and to stop the spread of communism by putting a lot of money to the third world countries. I would like to show the significance of that work, major points and what were the predecessors of written events. My paper will consist of five chapters: introduction, main body, which will include the major points, investigation of what was happening at the time the document was written, will give some insights into the individuals and events mentioned in the document, showing the significance of the document. In the conclusion I will give the precise summary and opinion regarding this problem. The major points of that document President Truman signed the Foreign Assistance Act in 1948, which brings European Recovery Program to existence. It was developing ten month and finally from simple Marshal Plan it became huge legislative project, dealing with communist conformation. There were twelve witnesses who support Truman signature: Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, Secretary of the Interior Julius A. Krug, Secretary of the Treasury John W. Snyder, and Attorney General Jesse M. Donaldson, secretary of Agriculture Clinton P. Anderson; Under Secretary of the State Robert A. Lovett; Senator Tom Connally, Democrat, of Texas; Speaker Joseph W. Martin Jr., and representatives Charles A. Eaton and Sol Bloom. President used dozen pens to complete signatures and after all present pens to witnesses. Truman spent 6, 098, 000, 000 to provide economic assistance to the sixteen nations of Western Europe and Western Germany. Also, economic and military aid was provided to China, Greece and Turkey. Foreign development, Communist regime in Czechoslovakia and Communist electoral maneuvers making in...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Research paper on rwanda Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On rwanda - Research Paper Example The earliest ‘residents’ are thought to be a group of Pygmy hunters and gatherers, labeled the Twa. After the Twa settled, it is believed that the Hutus, agriculturists, and the Tutsis also settled in. By the 15th century, evidence shows that the Hutu and Tutsi, both of the Bantu tribe, had organized themselves into states (Melvern, 2006), and thus the Rwandan civilization came into being. One of these states, the Rwabuguri, was the most powerful and maintained control until well into the 19th century. It expanded both geographically and demographically, spreading agricultural techniques and political control. While the military was never a strong means of achieving control, it was used at times against other well-developed states such as Gisaka and Burundi. Soon, economic disparity between the Hutus and the Tutsis became apparent leading to divisions. The Tutsi population emerged with a Mwami (king), who the Rwandans were made to pay tribute to and who controlled much o f the Rwandan land (Melvern, 2006). Moreover, the Tutsis were given many of the important positions in the government. Despite the disparity in control and power, Rwanda did not see any ethnic strife in its pre-colonial administration. It was only when it became a colonial administration that relations between these two tribes, the Hutus and the Tutsis became contentious (Melvern, 2006). Colonial History Early 20th century saw Germany and Belgian colonialism in Rwanda (Cooper, 2002). Unfortunately, this was also an epoch where Germany, like much of Europe, had become fixated on racial differences and soon, they seemed to be favoring the Tutsis against the Hutus since the former were more European in appearance and more inclined to take on the Catholic faith. Therefore, the Tutsis were elevated to higher statuses in the administration and Hutus were routinely oppressed. Soon, many Rwandans started resenting Belgian occupation and formed secret organizations to throw out the Belgians and gain liberation. They resisted reforms by the Belgian administration and in the second half of the 20th century, Pan-Africanism culture spread through Africa and demands of anti-colonialism were made. The final straw came when, in 1962, the last Mwami died and it was believed to have been killed by Belgians. In anger, the Hutus drove out the Belgians soon, the Hutu Emancipation Movement gained power and drove out the Tutsis and killed many of them in revenge for the oppression they had been dealt with (Mamdani, 2002). Post-Independence History to Present The Tutsi refugees started their own party, the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) and in 1990, the RPF invaded and forced the president to sign a treaty that stated that Hutus and Tutsis would share power (Broch-Due, 2005). After a mass genocide in which 800,000 Tutsis were killed and one-tenth of the population was wiped out (Cohen, 2007) relative peace was seen in Rwanda. The RPF invaded the country and put in place a government with representation from both Hutu and Tutsi fronts. The President was Hutu, and the Vice-President was a Tutsi. Moreover, over 900,000 people had fled Rwanda to